In this short review, we aim to provide the relationship between gluteal muscle weakness and piriformis syndrome, an underdiagnosed cause of buttock and leg pain that mimics pyriformis syndrome can be of gluteal muscle weakness origin. This can be difficult to treat. Based on existing evidence, the present study discussed the available literature on the relation between pyriformis syndrome and its treatment as gluteal muscle strengthening. Source was literature search of the MEDLINE, Scopus and PubMed database from recent years using the search terms e.g., ‘‘piriformis injection’, ‘‘gluteal muscle’ and ‘‘gluteal muscle weakness. There was no restriction on language. Different structures relevant in this review suggested that there is negative impression of gluteal muscle strength on pyriformis syndrome and adopting gluteal muscle strengthening program in pyriformis syndrome will reduce pain and discomfort in patients in pyriformis syndrome symptoms.