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Progress in Medical Sciences ISSN: 2577 - 2996
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Progress in Medical Sciences. 2021; 5(2):(72-109)
doi: doi.org/10.47363/PMS/2021(5)164


Tuberculosis in Swine: Prevalence and Basic Diagnostic Approach

Jirata Shiferaw

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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) occurs in all vertebrates and some cold-blooded animals. It occurs worldwide and the disease in domestic species and people occurs less often than in developing countries. The causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is subclassified into several types: human, bovine, and avian. The avian type is called M. avium (or M. avium complex) which affects mainly birds but is also found in the environment. Pigs rarely become infected with the human types (M. tuberculosis) or bovine (M. bovis) but are often infected with M. aviumcomplex. The M.avium complex also causes non-progressive, sub-clinical illnesses in healthy people. Mycobacterium avium serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8 were isolated from tissues of affected animals. These serotypes are responsible for approximately 85% of the mycobacterial infections found in swine as the reported from the United States. The epidemiology of swine tuberculosis in Ethiopia and its pathology and pathogenesis were not well studied. Even, a few articles published from Ethiopia were only targeted to the central areas of the country where some swine farms for foreigner’s consumption. The low report is due to fewer consumption habits of pork in Ethiopia. Due to traditional and religious aspects that protect many peoples from eating pork, a very low production system of swine. Therefore, this minireview was designed to address the prevalence and diagnostic approach for swine tuberculosis in Ethiopia.